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Model the exploitation of plant and animal resources around Lixus and the consumption of both terrestrial and maritime commodities, toward reconstructing a holistic picture of the ancient rural economy.Model rural settlement patterns in the valley of the Oued Loukkos from the Atlantic coast near Larache (Lixus) to El Qsar el-Kebir (Oppidum Novum) from the Iron Age onward.The results will allow for a multivariate model of the ancient economy that reveals the degree to which Lixus was integrated with its hinterland, and, more broadly, how its regional economy developed over the longue durée.
#Garden of hesperides series#
The project is planned in two phases: first, a series of both systematic and extensive surveys to model surface distributions of archaeological materials second, targeted excavations of small rural sites that have the potential to yield information on both agricultural commodities and seaborne imports. The project brings to light the rural economy which supported the city of Lixus, to assess the contribution of regional economic systems for the city's development. Collins-Elliott, University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleĪ joint Moroccan-American (INSAP-University of Tennessee) collaboration, the Gardens of the Hesperides: The Rural Archaeology of the Loukkos Valley comprises a multi-year archaeological project to survey and reconstruct the economic development of the Loukkos river valley, the site of the ancient city of Lixus (near Larache, Morocco)-one of the oldest cities in northwestern Africa, and in classical mythology, one of the purported locations of the Gardens of the Hesperides. Aomar Akerraz, Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine They are, in short, nothing more than old stone quarries, which had been excavated to build the town of Berenice, now Bengazi, and which still remain, their bottoms covered with excellent soil, in which are planted various shrubs and luxuriant fruit trees. in loco.) Many writers have imagined these gardens to have been the oases of the desert, and various other hypotheses have been offered respecting them but Lieutenant Beechey (Travels in Cyrene, 4to, 1828) has shown that, like many other wonders, ancient and modern, when reduced to simple truth, they afford very little that is uncommon.
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Hercules carried off the apples by stratagem, but they were afterwards returned by Minerva. They were inhabited by three celebrated nymphs, daughters of Hesperus, and guarded by a dreadful dragon which never slept. This garden contained the golden apples which Juno gave to Jupiter on the day of their nuptials.
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Among the fruit trees were golden apples (supposed to be oranges), pomegranates, mulberries, vines, olives, almonds, and walnuts and the ornamental trees included the A'rbutus, myrtle, bay, ivy, and wild olive. They are described by Scylax, a geographer of the sixth century B.C., as lying in a place eighteen fathoms deep, steep on all sides, and two stadia in diameter, covered with trees of various kinds, planted very close together, and interwoven with one another. The gardens of Hesperides (oz peri, a tree of fruit, fruit gardens) were situated in Africa, near Mount Atlas or, according to some, near Cyrenaica.